The nation's factories were converted to produce the rifles, cannons, wagons, tents, telegraph sets, and the myriad of other special items the army needed. Not until Washington approved gubernatorial control of all new units was the problem resolved. The new recruits spent their time drilling in company and regiment formations. However, in early 1861, Kansas joined the Union. Draft resistance was notable in some larger cities, especially in parts of New York City, with its massive In the context of the American Civil War, the Union is sometimes referred to as "the North", both then and now, as opposed to the Confederacy, which was "the South". The Union controlled territories in April 1861 were:United States' national government during the American Civil WarThis article is about the civil war period.

These included: the Military and reconstruction issues were another matter. The government needed the coal more than the draftees, so it ignored the largely non-violent draft dodging there.The Copperheads were a large faction of northern Democrats who opposed the war, demanding an immediate peace settlement. Allan Nevins is particularly scathing of this in his analysis: "A President more exact, systematic and vigilant than Lincoln, a Secretary more alert and clearheaded than Cameron, would have prevented these difficulties. Others point to less overtly political reasons to fight, such as the defense of one's home and family, or the honor and brotherhood to be preserved when fighting alongside other men. In 1882, the bank robber and ex-Confederate guerrilla In response to the growing problem of locally organized guerrilla campaigns throughout 1863 and 1864, in June 1864, Maj. Gen. Nonpartisanship was the rule in the first year, but by summer 1862, many Democrats had stopped supporting the war effort, and volunteering fell off sharply in their strongholds. They came with family support for reasons of patriotism and excitement. In 1861–63 most were immediately paroled; after the parole exchange system broke down in 1863, about 195,000 went to Confederate prison camps.

Robert E., Mitchell, "Civil War Recruiting and Recruits from Ever-Changing Labor Pools: Midland County, Michigan, as a Case Study," Martin J. Hershock, "Copperheads and Radicals: Michigan Partisan Politics during the Civil War Era, 1860–1865," Peter Bratt, "A Great Revolution in Feeling: The American Civil War in Niles and Grand Rapids, Michigan," Kenneth Link, "Potomac Fever: The Hazards of Camp Life," Frank R. Freemon, "Lincoln finds a surgeon general: William A. Hammond and the transformation of the Union Army Medical Bureau." The Union responded by building army hospitals in every state. They indicted Copperheads for criminal conspiracies to free Confederate The Republican Congress passed many major laws that reshaped the nation's economy, financial system, tax system, land system, and higher education system. Washington called on the states for troops, and every northern governor set about raising and equipping regiments, and sent the bills to the War Department. The hygiene of the camps was poor, especially at the beginning of the war when men who had seldom been far from home were brought together for training with thousands of strangers. Over 30,000 Union and nearly 26,000 Confederate prisoners died in captivity. Thereby the nation monetized the potential wealth represented by farms, urban buildings, factories, and businesses, and immediately turned that money over to the Treasury for war needs.Secretary Chase, though a long-time free-trader, worked with Morrill to pass a second tariff bill in summer 1861, raising rates another 10 points in order to generate more revenues.Customs revenue from tariffs totaled $345 million from 1861 through 1865 or 43% of all federal tax revenue. Americans first hoisted the Colors on the colonial warship It is not known for certain when or by whom the design of the Continental Colors was created, but the flag could easily be produced by sewing white stripes onto the British It was widely believed that the flag was raised by The flag has had several names, at least five of which have been popularly remembered.

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